Others will be supplied by third-party software firms. Otherwise, it might be difficult to remove the generated code from your regular project. All user-generated Gallery items can be imported from and exported to OGX files. The Microsoft Foundation Class Library. MFC provides a variety of classes designed to serve a wide range of needs. You'll find a handy diagram of the MFC 7.
CObject provides other useful benefits to its derived classes as well. For example, it overloads the new and delete operators to provide protection against memory leaks. If you create an object from a CObject -derived class and fail to delete it before the application terminates, MFC will warn you by writing a message to the debug output window.
The overarching importance of this most basic of MFC classes will become increasingly clear as you grow more familiar with MFC. What's an Application Framework? One definition of application framework is "an integrated collection of object-oriented software components that offers all that's needed for a generic application. If you really want to know what an application framework is, you'll have to read the rest of this book.
The application framework example that you'll familiarize yourself with later in this chapter is a good starting point. An Application Framework vs. A mathematics class library, for example, might perform common mathematics operations, and a communications class library might support the transfer of data over a serial link.
Sometimes you construct objects of the supplied classes; sometimes you derive your own classes, it all depends on the design of the particular class library. An application framework is a superset of a class library.
An ordinary library is an isolated set of classes designed to be incorporated into any program, but an application framework defines the structure of the program itself. Microsoft didn't invent the application framework concept. It appeared first in the academic world, and the first commercial version was MacApp for the Apple Macintosh.
Since MFC 2. An Application Framework Example. It's time to look at some code, not pseudocode but real code that actually compiles and runs with the MFC library. It's the good old "Hello, world!
It's about the minimum amount of code for a working MFC library application for Windows. You don't have to understand every line now. By convention, MFC library class names begin with the letter C. The first is the MyApp. CMyFrame ;. And here is the MyApp.
CPaintDC dc this ;. TextOut 0, 0, "Hello, world! Here are some of the program elements:. You don't see WinMain here because it's hidden inside the application framework. The program defines a single global CMyApp object, theApp. The CWinApp base class determines most of theApp 's behavior. Application startup : When the user starts the application, Windows calls the application framework's built-in WinMain function, and WinMain looks for your globally constructed application object of a class derived from CWinApp.
The CMyApp::InitInstance member function : When the WinMain function finds the application object, it calls the virtual InitInstance member function, which makes the calls needed to construct and display the application's main frame window. You must override InitInstance in your derived application class because the CWinApp base class doesn't know what kind of main frame window you want. The CWinApp::Run member function : The Run function is hidden in the base class, but it dispatches the application's messages to its windows, thus keeping the application running.
WinMain calls Run after it calls InitInstance. The ShowWindow and UpdateWindow functions, also member functions of the base class, must be called in order to display the window. We've elected to "map" the left mouse button down event to a CMyFrame member function. You'll learn the details of the MFC library's message mapping in Module 3. For the time being, accept that this function gets called when the user presses the left mouse button.
The CMyFrame::OnPaint function : The application framework calls this important mapped member function of class CMyFrame every time it's necessary to repaint the window: at the start of the program, when the user resizes the window, and when all or part of the window is newly exposed.
The TextOut function displays " Hello, world! Application shutdown : The user shuts down the application by closing the main frame window. This action initiates a sequence of events, which ends with the destruction of the CMyFrame object, the exit from Run , the exit from WinMain , and the destruction of the CMyApp object.
Look at the code example again. This time try to get the big picture. In writing MYAPP, we've followed a few simple structure rules and we've written key functions in our derived classes.
Think of it as a partnership between us and the application framework. The application framework provided the structure, and we provided the code that made the application unique. Now you're beginning to see why the application framework is more than just a class library. You've already seen the hidden WinMain function at work. Other elements support message processing, diagnostics, DLLs, and so forth. Object ID Naming Conventions. There are several categories or types of IDs found in Windows applications.
Object ID. Multiple resource types Used for Menus, Accelerators primarily. But the. I find the information in the book quite useful but all the.
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This is an extensive topic and is one of the longest chapters in the book. Each is introduced at that point where you can best utilize it to your advantage and know what you are actually doing with it. While some of the early ones are fairly simple, the latter ones represent fairly complete applications. The benefit of these extended samples is great; you gain an understanding of how the various messages all operate together.
All of these sample programs accompany the book. There are a number of very important application design issues that are written this way. Design Rule 1: They highlight some of the potential traps and pitfalls that lie in waiting. Perhaps the biggest barrier to learning Windows programming is the enormous number of identifiers, key values, the API Application Programming Interface and the MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes class member functions and variable names.
For a beginner and more advanced reader, this proliferation of must-know names and identifiers is nothing short of bewildering. One of the key features of this book is that you will always have a greater certainty about what names must be coded as-is and what you have control over. Typeface conventions are designed to aid you in knowing at a glance what names are yours and what are not. Even though you may use any convention desired in your coding, when you refer to this book, the guess work or hunting has been eliminated.
While I hope that the index at the end allows you to rapidly find key items, as a programmer, I know the value of being able to find a key identifier or function in the actual samples themselves. The all-in-one large pdf file is fully searchable.
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